诱导多能干细胞在眼科治疗的应用前景及其进展

The applications and progress of induced pluripotent stem cells in ophthalmology

诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)的建立被认为是干细胞研究领域的重大发现和突破,iPSCs技术的建立使得干细胞的个体化治疗成为可能,其研究及应用前景日益受到人们的重视。目前,除了成纤维细胞以外,已有文献报道多种类型的体细胞都可被重编程为iPSCs。其重编程方法,除了利用病毒、质粒或转座子等作为载体携带外源基因将人或鼠的成体细胞重编程为iPSCs外,还有实验室利用重组蛋白技术,小分子化合物及microRNAs等方法获得iPSCs。经研究发现,iPSCs诱导后可分化成一系列的特定类型细胞,如血管内皮细胞、心肌细胞、平滑肌细胞、胰岛细胞、骨髓造血前体细胞、神经细胞、视网膜色素上皮细胞和感光细胞等视网膜细胞。本文将着重对iPSCs的重编程方法,以及iPSCs在眼科干细胞治疗的应用前景和进展做一综述。

The establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells（iPSCs） is considered to be the important discoveries in the field of stem cell research.This method makes iPSCs as a possible way in personalized therapy, and the prospects of iPSCs for research and application are increasingly becoming promosing. At present, except fibroblasts, multiple types of cells can be reprogrammed for iPSCs. In addition to using viruses, plasmid or transposon to deliver exogenous gene to the cells of human or mouse, other methods such as recombinant proteins, small molecular compounds and microRNAs also can generate iPSCs. The study found that iPSc can be induced into a series of specific cell types, such as vascular endothelial cells, myocardial cells, smooth muscle cells, pancreatic cells, bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells, nerve cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptor cells like retinal cells.In this review, current techniques of generating iPSCs and the potential for therapeutic applications in ophthalmology are reviewed.