论公平正义

On Fairness and Justice

"正义"的核心涵义是"公平",也就是出以公心、无偏无私的"平等"。"平等"不仅是自然之道,也是人间之道。它以"人性平等"、"人格平等"为起点,走向"人权平等"。"人权平等"的首要涵义是争取权利的"机会平等",在商品经济活动中表现为"市场公平";"人权平等"的第二层涵义是兼顾"结果公平",通过"损有余而奉不足"的社会二次分配对弱势群体实施基本的生活保障,达到共同富裕的"社会公平"。在当前社会主义市场经济条件下,面对社会成员之间愈益拉大的收入分配差距,如何重建公平正义,就显得更加迫切和重要。

The core connotation of 'justice' is 'fairness', that is, public conscience, 'equality' without prejudice and selfishness. 'Equality' is both natural and human existence. It starts with 'equality of humannature' to 'equality of human rights'. The first and crucial meaning of 'equality of human rights' is to acquire 'opportunity equality' of benefit, and 'market fairness' in the business and economic activities. The other connotation of 'equality of human rights' combines with 'consequence fairness', that is, providing the vulnerable group with basic living security through a second allotment by 'sharing the spare with those who need it' so as to realize 'social fairness' in common prosperity. This paper points out that it is important and urgent to work on how to rebuild fairness and justice in the situation of socialism market economy and in the reality of a bigger and bigger income allotment discrepancy among social members.