“秋菊”式诉求的回应——论国家赔偿中赔礼道歉责任的司法适用

Respond to the Appeal of Qiujus: the Judicial Application of Liability with Formal Apology in State Compensation

实证考察我国国家赔偿中赔礼道歉责任的适用现状,结果表明,赔偿请求人对赔礼道歉的渴望与赔偿义务机关对赔礼道歉的忽视形成鲜明对比。检视剖析,学理上对赔礼道歉责任强制性的质疑,《国家赔偿法》关于赔礼道歉责任制度设计的缺陷,以及赔礼道歉责任在司法实践中的功能异化是造成这一现状的要因。在国家赔偿中,回应赔偿请求人的诉求,让其感受到赔偿义务机关的真诚歉意,需要我们重新审视和正确定位赔礼道歉责任的属性和功能,也需要从明确责任承担主体、承担方式、履行场合等方面进行法律制度的完善。毕竟,赔偿义务机关切实履行赔礼道歉责任,既是抚慰受害者心灵上的创伤和重塑国家机关公正形象的要求,也是消弥二者矛盾对立、促进社会和谐的要求。

While studying the present situation of the formal apology in state compensation,we may see that the indemnity-obligatory-agency ’s negative attitude to the formal apology is far away from the claimant’s expectations. There are three reasons for the result. First,most people disagree theoretically that formal apology has no compelling force in State Indemnity Law of PRC. Second,the law has many flaws in legislation about formal apology. Third,judicial practice is inadequate. In order to respond to the claimant’s appeal,we must re-examine and correct the positioning for formal apology,improve the legal system by clearing duty officer,approach of assuming duty,condition and etc. After all,formal apology fulfilled by the indemnity-obligatory-agency that can comfort the victims,remodel the government’s bad image,eliminate the two contradictory requirements,and promote social harmony.