铁皮石斛组培苗生长差异与移栽成活率相关性研究

Relevance research of growth difference and transplanting survival rate in Dendrobium candidum somaclone

为了确定不同添加物处理对铁皮石斛组培苗生长和移栽后成活的影响,在培养基中分别添加食用甘薯粉、工业甘薯粉、食用马铃薯粉、工业马铃薯粉、木薯粉、香蕉粉以及香蕉泥进行培养,2个月后对组培苗进行移栽驯化,并统计地上部及地下部指标,4个月后统计移栽成活率.结果表明,添加食用甘薯粉处理的组培苗鲜重和分蘖数最多;而添加香蕉泥处理有利于组培苗株高、节间数、叶片数及2～5 cm之间根数的增加;添加工业甘薯粉处理的组培苗茎粗最粗.各处理对移栽成活率的影响因素由高到低依次为：香蕉泥＞工业甘薯粉＞木薯粉＞工业马铃薯粉＞食用甘薯粉＞香蕉粉＞食用马铃薯粉.通过对不同添加物处理下组培苗性状与移栽成活率的灰度关联分析,得出影响石斛组培苗成活率的首要因子为节间数,其次为叶片数和株高,而2～5 cm根条数、大于5 cm根条数、鲜重、平均节间长、总根数、分蘖数、茎粗、小于2 cm根条数等指标与移栽成活率关联度较低.因此,在铁皮石斛组培过程中,除了注意诱导生根外,还要注意添加物的种类,尤其以能促进其节间数、株高、叶片数增加的添加物最为重要.

In order to determine the effects of different additives on the tissue culture of Dendrobium candidum seedlings growth and survival of transplanted, edible sweet potato powder, industrial sweet potato powder, edible potato powder, industrial potato powder, cassava powder, banana powder and banana mud were added in dendrobium culture medium for cultivation, respectively. After two months, the seedlings were transplanted and the indexes of shoot and root were collected, and four months later the transplanting survival rate was analyzed. The results showed, fresh weight and tiller number of tissue culture seedlings were most when edible sweet potato powder was added, seedling height, internode number, leaf number and 2-5 cm root number increased when the banana mud was added, and the seedling stems were thickest when industrial sweet potato powder was added. The influence factors on the transplanting survival rate from high to low were： banana mud〉industrial sweet potato powder〉cassava powder〉industrial potato powder〉edible sweet potato powder〉banana powder〉potato powder. By analyzing the gray correlation of characteristics of tissue culture seedlings and the survival rate after transplanting different additives, it was known the main factor affecting the survival rate of tissue culture seedlings was internode number, followed by leaf number and plant height, while 2-5 cm root number, greater than 5 cm root number, fresh weight, average internode length, total root number, tiller number, stem diameter, root number lessthan 2 cm were in low correlation with survival rate. The results suggested, during the process of Dendrobium candidum tissue culture, we should not only pay attention to induce rooting, but also to the types of additives, especially the ones promoting the internode number, plant height and leaf number.