大别山低海拔区不同植被类型土壤生物学特性

Biological characteristics of soil in different vegetation types at the low altitude of Mt. Dabie

以大别山低海拔区常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、杉木林和毛竹林林下土壤为研究对象,系统分析了土壤养分、土壤微生物含量和土壤酶含量大小.结果表明：（1）不同植被类型土壤有机质（SOM）、全碳（TC）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）、全钾（TK）、有效磷（AP）和速效钾（AK）含量均差异显著.SOM、TC和TN含量表现为阔叶林＞竹林＞针叶林.毛竹林土壤TP（0.37±0.05 g/kg）、AP（17.2±0.05 mg/kg）、TK（6.15±0.02 g/kg）和AK（80.31±0.05 mg/kg）都处于较高水平,杉木林土壤TK（7.18±0.05 g/kg）最高,但其他养分含量均较低,常绿阔叶林TK（1.73±0.05 g/kg）含量最低,其他养分含量均处于中上等水平.（2）不同植被类型土壤微生物碳、土壤微生物氮和土壤微生物磷含量的变化范围分别为249.0～780.1、59.27～190.1、30.95～107.1 mg/kg,在不同植被类型中差异均显著.（3）不同植被类型土壤酶含量差异显著,常绿阔叶林的脲酶（0.98±0.01 mg/g·d）、蛋白酶（0.22±0.02mg/g·d）、磷酸酶（30.01±1.02mg/g·d）和蔗糖酶（22.14±1.03mg/g·d）含量均最高.

This study was conducted at the low altitude of Mt. Dabie. The concentrations of soil nutrients, microbial biomass and enzyme content under 5 different vegetation types were determined, including evergreen broad-leaved forest, broadleaved deciduous forest, coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest, Cunuinghamia lanceolata grove and Phyllostclchys edulis grove. The results showed that there were significant differences among the contents of soil organic matter（SOM）, total earbon（TC）, total nitrogen（TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, total potassium（TK）, available phosphorus （AP） and available potassium（AK） among the different vegetation types（P〈0.05）. The contents of SOM, TC and TN were in the order of broad- leaved forest〉P, edulis grove〉coniferous forest under different vegetation types. The contents of soil TP （0.37±0.05 g/kg）, AP （17.2±0.05 mg/kg）, TK （6.15±0.02 g/kg） and AK （80.31±0.05 mg/kg） were at a higher level in the P. edulis grove. Except for the content of soil TK （7.18±0.05 g/kg） was the highest in C. lanceolata grove, soil nutrients were lower in the other vegetation types. The content of soil TK （1.73±0.05 g/kg） in the evergreen broad-leaved forest was the lowest, while other contents of soil nutrients were relatively high. Soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass phosphorus contents were 249.0-780.1, 59.27-190.1, and 30.95-107.1 mg/kg, respectively. There was a significant difference in the contents of soil microbial biomass among the different vegetation types（P〈0.05）. Compared withother vegetation types, the content of soil enzyme of urease （0.98±0.01 nag/g·d）, protease （0.22±0.02 mg/g·d）, phosphatase （30.01±1.02 mg/g·d） and sucrose （22.14±1.03 mg/g·d） were the highest in the evergreen broad-leaved forest （P〈 0.05）.