广东省生态环境胁迫综合评价研究

Research on the assessment system of the eco-environmental stress in Guangdong province

生态环境胁迫是指对维持生态系统稳定或良好演变的各种不利因素,是指示和预测某个生态系统或区域生态环境状况的重要因素。已有的生态胁迫研究主要集中在植物生理角度,区域性生态环境胁迫侧重于定性的评价,缺乏综合性定量评价。从人类活动和自然变化两方面来选取8小类共计20项指标,构建区域生态环境胁迫评价体系,运用主成分分析法、Z分数法和综合指数法,以期对广东省生态环境胁迫2000—2010年的格局和变化情况进行综合性的定量评价。结果表明:过去10年,广东省人类活动胁迫呈加重的态势,2000年人类活动胁迫指数为546.23,2005年为880.62,2010年为1 225.47,4个片区的人类活动胁迫指数也在增加,10年间各片区胁迫指数从大到小排名均为珠三角>粤东>粤西>粤北,各市中受人类活动胁迫最大的为深圳市,最小的为河源市;全省自然灾害胁迫呈先增加后减少的趋势,粤西呈一直减少趋势,粤北呈逐渐增加趋势,珠三角呈现先增加后减少的趋势,而粤东呈先减少后增加的趋势,各市自然灾害发生面积较大的代表城市为湛江市,较小的为深圳市。

Eco-environmental stress is defined as the factors which decrease the sustainability or influence evolution of the ecosystem. It is also a significant element in indicating or forecasting the states of an ecosystem or the regional eco- environmental. The present researches of the eco-enviromnental stress mostly focus on the mechanism of the vegetation, while researches of the regional eco-environmental stress incline on the qualitative study which means that the general quantitative studies are comparatively rare. This study has adopted 20 factors from 8 kinds of stress of the natural variations and human activities so as to build up a evaluation system of the regional eco-environmental stress. The layout and changes of the eco-environmental stress in Guangdong province from 2000 to 2010 are qualitatively evaluated. The result shows that the stress of Guangdong province in the past decade is in deeper trend, as well as the stress index of the four areas in Guangdong province. The stress index as of the human activities in 2000, 2005, 2010 are 546.23, 880.62, 1225.47, respectively. The stress index as of the areas are ranked as the Pearl River Delta 〉east Guangdong 〉west Guangdong〉north Guangdong. Among the cities in Guangdong, the stress of Shenzhen is the most serious. Comparatively, the stress of Heyuan is the least serious. The results also show that the stress of the natural disasters in Guangdong province shows an increasing trend after the decrease. The stress of west Guangdong is being decreasing while the stress of north Guangdong is increasing. The stress of Pearl River Delta shows a decreasing trend after the increase, while stress of the eastern shows an increasing trend after the decrease. Among the cities in Guangdong, the areas affected by the natural disasters in Zhanjiang is the most while the areas in Shenzhen is the least.