孔子正名说的古典诠释考述

Classic Interpretation of Confucius' “Zhengming Theory”

从战国后期到汉初这段时间,大致属于孔子正名思想的探讨和定型阶段,其间尹文的正名尚带有黄老形名之学的先秦学派痕迹,到董仲舒则从大一统的角度,并借助名实等观念对孔子正名以及整个孔子思想做了剖判定位。随后,关于孔子正名的理解就逐渐转向从经学角度出发的正言语从而正名分,在汉、宋思想的交错中,又逐渐分化为正名字与正名分两个分支,这种情况一直延续到了清末民初。整个孔子正名思想的诠释史其实也是儒家思想在古代中国立足、发展和主导的历史。

The period from the late Warring States to the early Han Dynasty was the discussion and shaping phase of Confucius＇ ＂Zhengming Theory＂. During this period, Yin Wen＇s interpretation of＂Zhengming Theory＂still carried a mark the pre-Qin School characterized by Huang-Lao＇s ＂Xingming Theory＂. It was Dong Zhongshu who judged and orientated Confucius＇ thought including the idea of＂Ming＂and ＂Shi＂from the angle of unification. Afterwards,the understanding of Confucius＇ ＂Zhengming Theory＂transferred to＂Zhengmingfen＂and＂Zhengmingzi＂through classical perspective. It was then divided into two groups of ＂Zhengmingzi＂and ＂Zhengmingfen＂and this kind of situation lasted to the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The whole history of Confucius＇ ＂Zhengming Theory＂is actually the history of the establishment, development and prosperity of Confucianism.