我国个人教育收益中文凭效应的计量分析

Quantitative Analysis of Diploma Effects of Personal Return of Education:Evidence from China

利用2008年全国综合调查数据,本研究考察并计量了1978-2008年我国各级教育个人收益中的文凭效应,并对不同劳动力市场及工作经历下的文凭效应进行了比较分析。研究发现,我国个人教育收益中存在显著的文凭效应,高中、大专以及本科毕业的文凭效应分别为29.6%、27.6%、35.3%;个人教育收益率存在不连续跳跃现象,受教育的第13年的收益率增幅最大,第16年的收益率最高;各级教育的文凭效应在次要劳动力市场并不明显,大专和本科教育的文凭效应在主要劳动力市场显著;工作经历对文凭效应具有调节作用,降低了较低层级和提高了较高层级教育的文凭效应。本研究发现对国家教育经济政策和学生个人的教育选择具有参考价值。

With the date from the＂2008 Chinese General Social Survey＂（CGSS 2008）, this paper has investigated the diploma effects in the returns to education in China, and a comparative analysis was used to explore the diploma effects under different labor markets and work experience. Firstly, it finds that the diploma effects lies in the personal return of education significantly, namely, diploma effects of completing senior high school, junior college and university are relatively29.6%, 27.6% and 35.3%. Secondly, a discontinuous jump can be found on the rate of personal return of education, namely,in the 13 th year of schooling, particularly, the growth of personal return of education reaches its uppermost level; the highest level of personal return of education occurs in the 16 th year altogether. Thirdly, there are no distinct differences of the diploma effects in secondary labor market, but the diploma effects of completing junior college and undergraduate education are relatively obvious in primary labor market. Besides, the diploma effects can be adjusted by work experience, reducing the diploma effects in the low level of education, while increasing the effects in the upper level of education. It suggests that the findings, to a certain extent, can be referred to the decision making in educational and economic policies as well as personal choice in education participation.