“无声的革命”:被夸大的修辞 与梁晨、李中清等的商榷

“Silent Revolution”is Exaggerated Rhetoric:Some Idea Exchange with Liang Chen,Li Zhongqing,et al.

本文对梁晨、李中清等提出的关于新中国成立50年来在高等教育领域完成了一场所谓"无声的革命"的观点提出了质疑。工农子女上大学的比例在改革前与改革后呈现出两种不同的增减趋势,不宜简单地总结为"50年里的一场革命"。改革前的高等教育平等笼罩着浓厚的阶级斗争氛围,是一种"阶级内的平等",诸多地方有违于真正的教育平等精神;而改革后被强化的重点中学制度虽然构筑了少数农村学生进入重点大学的通道,但这种制度不仅不是缓解城乡教育不平等的良方,反而是固化城乡教育不平等的机制。本文对梁晨、李中清等的论文中所使用的材料和概念也提出了一些质疑。

This paper questions the point of Liang Chen and Li Zhongqing, who state that China has accomplished a ＂silent revolution＂ in the field of higher education in 50 years after the founding of the PRC. The proportion of workers and peasants＇ children who attend university shows two different trends before and after the reform, so it should not be simplified to ＂a revolution in 50 years＂. Before the reform, the equality of higher education was surrounded by thick atmosphere of class struggle, so it is ＂equality within the class＂. The practice of using political means to restrict and deprive the education right of some citizens and force some other citizens attend the university, should not be defined as progressive educational revolution. After the reform, though the promoted key middle school system allows a few rural students to enter universities,it is not a good solution to urban-rural educational inequality, but will further solidify the inequality. Among the ways which provide rural students with accesses to universities, the key middle schools and county schools with centralized resources have instrumental rationality to some extent. However, this instrumental rationality lacks moral support of value rationality, and therefore leads to unsustainability and high cost of the system. This paper also questions the concept and data used by Liang Chen and Li Zhongqing. Vague concepts such as ＂cadres＂ and ＂children of workers and peasants＂ are used in their study, thus cause problems in the quality of their data.