中国城市旅游业的投入产出效率

Input-output efficiency of China's urban tourism industries

基于我国23个城市2005-2012年的旅游产业数据,采用三阶段DEA模型,测度了剔除外部环境和随机扰动后旅游产业的投入产出效率,并归纳出城市旅游业发展效率的空间布局特征和时间演变规律。研究发现,城市旅游业发展效率受环境影响较大,调整后的技术效率有所上升,规模效率有所下降,规模效率低下是造成综合效率低下的主要原因,且绝大部分城市处于规模报酬递增状态;在空间布局方面,北上广深等一线城市处于或接近效率前沿面,且发展效率稳定性强;在时间维度上,不同城市间旅游业发展效率的演变模式存在差别。据此提出挖掘非经济因素价值、培育有效竞争的市场机制、立足城市旅游特色资源、促进大旅游产业深度融合的、以技术效率为支撑、规模效率为助推动力的产业发展战略。

This essay uses three - stage model to evalu- ate China＇ s inputoutput efficiency for urban tourism industry without the effect of the environmental factors and the random factors, based on tourism data from 2005 to 2012. The results show that the urban tourism industries＇ efficiency is affected by environmental factors significantly. Pure technical efficiency is up and scale efficiency is down after the adjustment. Scale inefficiency is a major cause for low comprehensive efficiency, and most of the cities are in a state of scale increasing returns. For space layout, Shenzhen, Beiiing, Shanghai and Guangzhou are in or near to the efficiency frontier with strong stability. And for time perspective, the efficiency evolution patterns are different. According to the results, the development strategy is to mine the value of non - economic factors, cultivate the effective competition market mechanism, with the help of urban tourism characteristic resources to promote the depth fusion for tourism and other industries, which will promote the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.