德国劳动力市场的改革:社会政策的V型转弯和政治光谱的中性化

Reform of German Labor Market:The V-shaped Transition of Social Policy and the Neutralization of the Political Spectrum

本文阐述了德国施罗德政府执政期间劳动力市场改革的背景、成因和制度起源,同时分析了劳动力市场政策和社会政策之间的关系。依据欧洲大陆国家传统的社会政策理论,文章集中分析了2005年"哈茨Ⅳ"改革的政治决策过程,探讨了该项改革对经典社会政策理论带来的挑战及由此衍生的理论启示,同时指出传统的理论已经无法解释当前社会政策的新发展。德国的劳动力市场政策和社会政策改革表明,传统的中左政党开始向现实主义和市场主义改革的方向靠拢,决定社会政策变革的因素越来越不取决于政党的传统理念与价值观念,而是取决于执政集团对国家长远利益的考量。

This paper introduces the background,historical reasons and institutional origins of the German labor market reform during the Schroder administration and elaborates the relationship between the labor market policy and social policy.Based on the conventional social policy theories of Continental Europe,this paper illustrates particularly the policy-making process of Hartz Ⅳ reform in 2005 and discusses the challenge that this reform posed to the classical social policy theories and its theoretical implications.Moreover,this paper points out that the traditional theories can no longer explain the latest developments of the social policy.The labor market reform in Germany indicates that the centre-left parties are increasingly inclined to embrace the approaches of realism and market liberalism and that the social policy reform depends more on the consideration of long-term national interests than on the traditional values and ideas of the political parties.