法国就业政策改革及其治理

The French Employment Policy Reforms and Its Governance

高失业率几乎是过去40年来法国劳动力市场的一种常态,其原因是结构性的,比如经济结构转型改变了劳动力的行业分布与职业结构,以及劳动力成本高、诸多社会政策存在负面影响等。法国就业政策的既有变革从三个主要层面展开:调整总体布局,在宏观层面上促进就业;创造就业岗位,重推中小企业就业;创新用工形式,变革劳动力雇佣方式。未来就业政策改革将从以下几个方面寻求出路:调整经济结构,缓解就业问题的结构化束缚;突出国家战略引导的角色,加强宏观治理;改革相关社会政策,引导民众转变观念以减少社会层面的阻力:优化就业政策机制,提高其有效性。

Almost a normal state of the French labor market over the last 40 years,the high unemployment rate resulted from a series of structural factors,including the profound transformation of the economic structure,the consequent evolution of the industrial distribution and occupation structure of the labors,the high labor costs and the influences of the social policies.The French employment policy reforms can be summarized as composing of the following three aspects:adjusting the overall pattern in order to promote employment at the macro-level,creating jobs especially in the small and medium-sized enterprises,and reforming the employment mechanisms.The following methods could do some help to the French employment policy reforms,namely,adjusting the economic structure to lift the structural constraints to the labor market,highlighting the guiding role of the State to strengthen macro-governance,reforming the related social policies to direct public opinions and optimizing the employment mechanism to enhance its effectiveness.