国有垄断行业要素收入分配的结构性偏差——基于工业部门不同类型行业的比较研究

Structural Distortion of Factor-based Income Distribution in State-owned Monopoly Industries:A Comparative Study Based on Different Categories of Industries within the Industrial Sector

本文按照国有经济比重和垄断程度对工业部门内主要行业进行排序,并分为国有垄断行业、国有竞争性行业和非国有竞争性行业三种类型;运用超越对数生产函数模型,分离各行业劳动要素和资本要素的贡献,并通过不同类型行业各自主要生产要素回报与其贡献偏离状况和程度的比较,揭示中国国有垄断行业分配制度中存在的问题。研究结果表明,国有垄断行业在要素收入分配中存在严重的结构性偏差;与另两类行业相比,国有垄断行业主要要素的回报与其贡献严重偏离,甚至完全背离;主要原因是这些行业的垄断和国有化程度高。因此,降低进入壁垒,提高市场化程度,调整国有垄断行业要素收入分配结构,对于实现公平分配、缩小收入差距具有重要意义。

In accordance with the proportion of state-owned economy and the degree of monopoly,this article ranked the industries within the industrial sector and grouped them into three categories：state-owned monopoly industries,state-owned competitive industries and non-state competitive industries.Using the transcendental logarithmic production function model to separate the contribution of labor factor from that of capital factor in different industries,and through the comparison of the condition as well as degree of deviation of major production factors＇ returns from their contribution rates among different categories of industries,this article reveals the problems in income distribution system in the state-owned monopoly industries.The findings of this research indicate the existence of severe structural distortion in the factor-based income distribution in the state-owned monopoly industries,where the major factors＇ returns are severely deviated from,and even inversely correlated to their contribution compared to the other two categories of industries.The key causes of this situation are the high degree of monopoly and proportion of state-owned economy in those industries.Therefore,in achieving fairness in distribution and narrowing the income gap,it is of great use and significance to lower the entry barriers,to enhance marketization,and to adjust the factor-based income distribution structure in state-owned monopoly industries.