最高人民法院巡回法庭的制度建构

The Institution of Circuit Courts by Supreme People's Court

我国最高人民法院巡回法庭承载破除司法地方化以及优化最高人民法院职能的独特功能,相关的制度建构应当围绕这一职能定位,有选择性地结合比较法以及我国建国初期大区分院的相关经验,兼顾改革的整体性和阶段性设计方案。在目前的探索运行阶段,巡回区的设置应综合考虑省际间司法纠纷的状况、案件量、区域面积,并允许法官根据案情需要在辖区内巡回审理;受案范围应包括巡回区内属于最高人民法院管辖,但不具有普遍法律适用意义的民商事案件、行政案件与刑事申诉案件;法官应当从本部的资深法官中遴选,并确定一定的巡回轮换期;法庭不设审委会,法官随机组成合议庭审理案件,但对于有普遍法律适用意义的案件应移送本部。

he construction of the Circuit Court of the Supreme People＇s Court should be base on its unique aim of eliminating the intervention of local government and optimizing the function of the Supreme People＇s Court,with selectively drawing lessons from experience of comparative law and macro-region branch court. In the current exploration stage,the determination of circuits should depend on the inter-provincial judicial disputes＇ situation,caseload and area＇s range; the judges may hear cases in places within the circuit while necessary; the Circuit Courts have jurisdiction over civil,commercial,administrative and criminal cases which should be heard by the Supreme People＇s Court,but they are not provided with the application of law authority with universal significance; the circuit judges should be selected from senior judges of the headquarters and serve in the Circuit Court during certain circuit period; the trial organization of circuit court should be collegial panel without adjudication committee,cases should be distributed randomly to the judges,but cases concerning the application of law authority with universal significance should be transferred to the Headquarters of the Supreme People＇s Court.