商事主体制度建构的理性逻辑及其一般规则

Reason Logic and Common Rules of Commercial Subject Construction

"从身份到伦理"只是个人法律人格演进的表象,传统民事主体制度实际上始终是社会伦理的实在法投影。但伦理逻辑在组织体人格构造上面临诸多现实难题,因而成为整个私法主体制度发展的束缚。商事主体制度与传统民事主体制度在社会背景、价值目标、立法技术上都存在明显差异,民事人格向商事人格的转化需要遵循"从社会伦理到市场理性"的演进路径。市场理性主导的商事主体制度建构应当以行为能力作为判定基础,遵循"以法定外观为一般、以事实外观为特殊"的判定规则,同时要为市场创新留下制度空间,并以营业自由原则为统领推动商事主体立法从规制型立法向赋权型立法转变。

From status to ethic is just the representation of legal personality evolution. In fact,civil subject institution is always a legal shadow of social ethic. However,ethic logic faces lots of problems when it is used to establish organizer＇personality and then bounds the development of private law subject. Compared with civil subject,commercial subject shows differences in social background,value goals and legislation technique. In order to convert civil subject into commercial subject,we should follow the path of from social ethic to market reason. Under the leading of market reason,the institution of commercial subject should take active ability as a determinant basis and combine general lawful appearance with special factual appearance. At the same time,we should take freedom of business as the leading rule and leave some space for market innovation and push legislation from regulating style to empowering style.