中国城乡居民社会养老保险适度水平研究——基于“生存公平”需求的测算与比较

Research on Urban and Rural Social Endowment Insurance Moderate Level—Based on Estimation and Comparison of Life Fair Demand

目前,我国的城乡居民社会养老保险是由"新农保"和"城居保"合并发展而来的,已经实现制度全覆盖,但是还存在养老金给付水平过低、地区发展不平衡、缺乏科学增长机制等问题,解决这些问题的关键在于确定养老金给付的适度水平区间,并采取有效措施逐步调整。城乡居民社会养老保险立足于满足居民"生存公平"需求,给付水平不宜过高,也不能过低:给付下限是满足最低生存需要的恩格尔系数标准;给付上限是保证基本生存需求的生活必需品消费水平,目前可按农村居民人均纯收入的60%进行测算。应逐步提高城乡居民养老金待遇,建立养老金正常调整机制,以适度水平为目标平衡地区差距,并不断完善多支柱养老保险体系,促进城乡居民社会养老保险健康可持续发展。

Presently, urban and rural social endowment insurance in China is derived from the ＂ new agricultural insurance＂ and ＂City Habitat guarantee＂, which has realized full coverage, but still has some problems, such as low levels of pension, uneven regional development, lack of scientific growth mechanism, etc.. The key to solve these problems is to determine the appropriate pension benefit level and to take measures to adjust the level gradually. Based on life fair demand, for urban and rural social endowment insurance, the moderate benefit level should not be too high nor too low. The floor level is the Engel coefficient standard to meet the basic survival needs, and the ceiling is the necessities of life consumption level to meet the basic survival needs, which can be estimated by 60% of per capita net income of rural residents. This paper propose that the pension should be increased gradually, normal adjustment mechanism should be established, regional gap should be filled by setting a moderate level as the goal, multi-pillar endowment insurance system should be improved to advance the development of urban and rural social endowment insurance in healthy way.