“平等主体关系说”的弃与留——未来《民法典》调整对象条款之抉择

The Theory of Equal Subject Relations: Its Abandonment and Persistence

《民法通则》采纳"平等主体关系说"厘定民法的调整对象,混淆了事实与规范,将本是规范状态的平等视为调整对象事实层面的规定性,不仅存在因果倒置的逻辑错误,淡化民法对平等的追求,而且不能完成对民法调整对象的界定,并蜕变为法院逃避裁判责任的规范基础。"平等主体关系说"之所以成为《民法通则》的现实选择,渊源于彰显民法独立性的历史需要。事易时移,我国未来《民法典》关于调整对象条款的抉择应向区分公、私法的逻辑回归,采取确立其他法部门调整对象之负面清单的立法模式,《民法典》不再设置调整对象条款,或对调整对象作空洞化处理,从中抽离平等主体等实质内涵,落实民法的本位法地位。

The theory of equal subject relations confuses the subject status stated in fact and in norm. It would be considered that causal inverted logic errors are created, the quest for equality of civil law can not be reached, and it is used as normative basis by the court to evade responsibility. The theory of equal subject relations has become the ＂Civil Law＂ realistic choice, which origi- nated from the need to highlight the history of the independence of the civil law. Our ＂Civil Code＂ in the future must make deci- sions on the adjustment of the objects, which should be based on distinguishing public and private law, and establishing a negative inventory of adjustment provinces of other legislations. ＂Civil Code＂ ought to exclude terms of objects, or hollowing the object of Civil Law issues by abstracting out of the substance of equality of subject, resulting in the implementation the major status of the civil law.