从光绪《平乐县志》看清政府对城镇的统治与管理

Looking into Qing Dynasty Government's Township Governance and Management through Pingle County Records of the Guangxu Period

城镇是一个不同于乡村的社区。这里人口密度大、工商业人口多、人员流动性强,是一个陌生人的社会。清政府在城镇设置官方行政机构和军事机构,对其进行直接统治。与此同时,统治者又借助民间力量进行管理,并通过兴办教育、举办讲约以及主持公祭等活动,对城镇民众进行社会教化。平乐县城的个案虽有其特殊性,但也能从一个侧面反映出清政府在城镇的统治和管理方式。

A township is a community different from a village.It has heavier density of population,more industrial and commercial population,larger degree of mobility,and is a society of strangers.The Qing government established official administrative and military institutions in townships and conducted direct governance.In the meantime,the rulers realized management through the help of civilian powers,and realized social edification of the township populance through promotion of education,promotion of village agreements,and sponsoring public memorial services.Although the individual case of Pingle County has its particularity,it can,however,partially reflect the Qing Dynasty government's township governance and management methods.