陕西地区黄鼠分类地位的研究

Study on Spermophilus taxonomic status in Shanxi area

目的明确陕西地区黄鼠的分类地位。方法用形态学方法比对分析;用DNA条形码技术测定COI基因序列,分析遗传距离,构建系统发育NJ树;用骨髓细胞直接制备染色体,经制片后镜检进行核型分析。结果陕西黄鼠尾长占体长1/3左右;上齿列长与齿隙长之比为1∶0.96;听泡长占听泡宽的120%;眶间宽占颅全长的21%。DNA条形码技术检测5地黄鼠样本相似度在97.8%以上;NJ系统树可见所有样本形成两个高支持度的单一分支。染色体数目2n=38的细胞占87.23%。结论陕西地区黄鼠为阿拉善黄鼠。

Objective To explicit the taxonomic status of the Spermophilus in Shanxi area. Methods Morphological method was used to contrast analysis; DNA bar-coding were applied to determine COI gene sequence,analysis genetic distance,build phylogeny Neighbor-Joining tree; the chromosome karyotype was studied by using bone marrow cell,to conduct karyotype analysis by microscopic examination. Results The tail length of body length is about 1 /3 of Spermophilus in Shanxi; the ratio of upper cheek teeth length and diastema is 1：0. 96; otic vesicle length accounted for 120% of otic vesicle width; interorbital breadth accounted for 21% of the whole skull length. DNA bar-coding showed the similarity of the Spermophilus is above 97. 8% in 5 areas; NJ tree showed all the samples formed 2 independent groups with high support value. The chromosome number of the Spermophilus was 2n = 38 accounted for 87. 23%. Conclusions The Spermophilus in Shanxi area were Spermophilus alaschanicus.