中国现代文化主体性之重建——张岱年与现代新儒家文化主体性思想之比较

Rebuilding Modern Chinese Cultural Subjectivity:A Comparison between Zhang Dainian and Modern New Confucianist Cultural Subjectivity

中国现代文化主体性之重建主要围绕文化的独立性与主导性两个基本维度而展开,以张岱年等为代表的马克思主义综合创新学派和现代新儒家为此做出重要贡献。二者虽都反对"全盘西化",但现代新儒家表现了比较鲜明的文化决定论倾向;张岱年则主张以物质生产方式为基础而实现社会制度与思想文化的整体变革。现代新儒家表现出融合中西的开放姿态,但刻意回避马克思主义而以"中体西用"作为重建中国文化主体性的基本模式,主张走"儒家资本主义"道路;张岱年立足于中西马文化的良性互动,明确区分马克思主义的主导性之"体"与中国文化的主体性之"体",主张以中国化马克思主义为指导而创造"形式和内容等方面都具有民族的特点"的社会主义新文化。

The rebuilding of modern Chinese cultural subjectivity is carried out around the building of cultural independence and cultural dominance. Marxist comprehensive innovationists as represented by Zhang Dainian and modern Neo-Confucianists have contributed greatly to this project. Both Zhang Dainian and modern Neo-Confucianists oppose＂wholesale Westernization,＂but Neo-Confucianists believe more in cultural determinism, while Zhang Dainian holds that the overall reformation of social system and people＇s idea and culture should be based on the patterns of material production. Neo-Confucianists adopt an open gesture towards the amalgamation of the East and the West, though they intentionally avoid Marxism and intend to blend the essence of China with practical Western technologies and ideas so as to build China＇s cultural subjectivity, believing that China should head for the direction of＂Confucian Capitalism.＂Based on the effective communication between China＇s Marxist culture and its counterpart in the West, Zhang Dainian,however, can tell very well the essence of Marxism＇s dominating guidance and the essence of China＇s cultural subjectivity. He believes that China should follow the guidance of Chinese Marxism and build a new kind of socialist culture whose＂form and content are characterized by Chinese features.＂