2006-2013年全国伤害监测系统中非机动车道路交通伤害病例分布趋势及现况特征分析

Distribution trends and characteristics analysis of non-motor road traffic injury cases monitored in China, 2006-2013

目的 分析2006－2013年全国非机动车道路交通伤害、门/急诊就诊病例的分布特点。方法 对2006－2013年因伤害首次在全国伤害监测系统（NISS）哨点医院门/急诊就诊的非机动车道路交通伤害病例进行描述性分析。结果 2006－2011年非机动车道路交通伤害病例占当年道路交通伤害病例的比例波动较平稳。2013年非机动车道路交通伤害病例占当年道路交通伤害病例的比例较2012年比例上升,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=508.138,P〈0.001）。2013年非机动车道路交通伤害病例中男性多于女性,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=41.018,P〈0.001）,年龄多集中在15～64岁年龄组。2013年城市地区非机动车道路交通伤害病例占全部非机动车道路交通伤害病例的比例（52.11%）高于农村地区（47.89%）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=88.427,P〈0.001）。伤害部位以下肢 （29.08%）和头部（24.82%）为主。伤害性质主要为挫伤/擦伤（73.54%）、骨折（10.72%）和扭伤/拉伤（5.49%）。伤害严重程度以轻度为主（80.49%）,伤害结局以病例治疗后回家（82.34%）为主。结论 2006－2011年非机动车道路交通伤害病例占当年道路交通伤害病例的比例波动较平稳,2013年较2012年比例上升。非机动车道路交通伤害病例以男性为主,多为青壮年人群,应根据非机动车道路交通伤害病例的性别、年龄差异开展有针对性的预防措施。

Objective To describe the distribution characteristics of outpatient/emergency cases of non-motor road traffic injuries in China from 2006-2013. Methods Cases of non-motor road traffic injuries were descriptively analyzed based on their data at the sentinel hospitals of the Chinese National Injury Surveillance System（NISS） from 2006 to 2013. Results The proportion of non-motor road traffic injuries among the total road traffic injuries of the year from 2006 to 2011 was relatively stable,and the proportion in 2013 was higher than 2012 （χ2=508.138,P〈0.001）. In the non-motor road traffic injuries cases in 2013,male cases were higher than females （χ2=41.018,P〈0.001）,mostly found in 15 to 64 years old age groups. In urban areas,the proportion of non-motor road traffic injuries cases （52.11%） was higher than rural areas （47.89%） （χ2=88.427,P〈0.001）. Most injuries were found in lower limbs （29.08%） and head （24.82%）. Injuries were mainly bruises （73.54%） and fractures （10.72%）. The severities of injuries were mainly mitigated injury （80.49%）,and most injuries ended with home return following treatment （82.34%）. Conclusion The proportion of non-motor road traffic injuries among total road traffic injuries of the year as found from NISS remained stable from 2006 to 2011,with a slight rise in 2012-2013.Most of the non-motor road traffic injuries were suffered by young and middle aged men. Interventions should be made based on gender and age differences of non-motor road traffic injuries cases.