公众参与海洋环境政策制定的中美比较分析

The Comparison of Public Participation in Policy Making for Marine Environment between China and the United States

公众参与程度已经成为衡量一个国家或者地区海洋环境事业发达程度和海洋环境管理水平高低的一个重要标志,符合国际发展趋势。目前我国公众参与海洋环境政策制定的意识不强,参与的途径不多,方式也比较单一,流于形式。美国公众参与海洋环境政策制定早于我国,有诸多值得借鉴的经验,通过比较可以发现加强海洋环境教育、拓宽参与途径、公开信息、完善法律等方面是提高我国公众参与力度与有效性的关键。

Public participation level is an important indicator to measure the level of marine environmental protection development and the quality of the marine environmental management for a country or region. Compared with the United States, public participation in formulating policy for marine environment in China has low awareness in participating in the protection of the marine environment and there is limited opportunity for public engagement. The policy for the American public to participate in the marine environment protection is earlier than that of China. And US. has a lot of experiences. Through the comparison, the key to improve the public engagement and effectiveness can be found, which are strengthening the marine environmental education, broadening the participation way, opening information, optimising the law, etc.