哈尔滨市两起学校肺结核病聚集性疫情对比分析

Comparative analysis of two cases of pulmonary tuberculosis outbreaks in school of Harbin

目的了解哈尔滨市两起学校结核病聚集性疫情的流行病学特征及处理的异同点,为预防控制学校结核病的传播提供科学依据。方法通过暴发疫情的调查与处理,搜集哈尔滨市2009年和2010年发生的两起学校结核病暴发疫情的流行病学特征,并进行对比分析。结果两起疫情都发生于春季,呈现两次发病,具有一定的班级聚集性和寝室聚集性,聚集性病例出现之前均出现多例结核性胸膜炎病例。两起疫情的不同点:在密切接触者筛查方法上,A中学应用胸透、PPD试验、X线胸片及痰涂片检查相结合的方法;B中学应用X线胸片、CT及痰涂片检查相结合的方法,两中学筛查方法都可靠。时间分布上A中学呈现两次高峰,B中学只有一次高峰。结论两起学校结核病暴发疫情的流行病学特征类似。结核性胸膜炎是发现学校肺结核疫情苗头的重要线索,是对学生病例的早发现、早诊断、早隔离、早治疗和预防结核病暴发的重要手段。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics between two school-clusters of pulmonary tuberculosis in Haerbin. Methods Chest radiography and chest X ray examination were performed in all classes with TB cases in A school.PPD test was conduted in some classes.Sputum smear test and acid-fast bacillus test were conduted among the students with abnormal results of X ray examination; chest X ray examinations were performed in all classes with TB cases in B school, CT and sputum smear test and acid-fast bacillus test were conduted among the students with abnormal results of X ray examination. Results There were similarities between two clusters as following： happened in the spring, showing class and dormitory clustering, no differences in the sex. Conclusion Two school-clusters of pulmonary tuberculosis have similar epidemiological characteristics.