论自白的任意性

On the Voluntariness of Confession

自白是刑事诉讼中一类重要证据。非任意性的自白无证据能力,自白任意性的理论依据有虚伪排除说、人权保护说、违法排除说等学说。判断自白任意性的标准有客观标准与主观标准之分,具体的有客观说、主观说以及综合说三种见解。为了从根源上消除违法取供的动机以维护司法公正,应从权利、技术、举证责任、庭审程序等方面来确保自白任意性。另外,我国应进一步完善已确立的非法证据排除规则,对于通过威胁、引诱和欺骗等手段取得的口供作出明确排除的态度。

Confession is an important sort of evidence in criminal proceedings. Non-voluntary confes- sion is invalid evidence. Both objective and subjective standards are applied in identifying the voluntar- iness of confession. To eliminate illegal practice of obtaining confession and to maintain judicial jus- tice, we should ensure the voluntariness of confession in such aspects as rights, technique, burden of proof, court trial procedures, and so on. Besides, we should further improve the established regula- tions against illegal practice of obtaining evidence.