中间型定额保险的契约危险问题 中间型保险重复投保引出的话题

Problems of Contractual Hazards in Intermediate Fixed-Sum Insurance A Discussion Emanating from Intermediate Double Insurance

定额给付保险无法贯彻损失填补原则,也无法具体适用重复保险、超额保险、保险代位等财产保险的特别规则。然而,对于定额给付保险尤其是第三领域定额保险中的保险危险问题,现有法律规范将风险防范的重点更多地放在了保险标的的客观危险方面,对于投保方的契约危险也即因保险合同成立而产生的主观危险,似乎并未明确纳入保险危险管理的规范体系之中。本文结合中间型保险的法律界分,意在对保险危险作出客观危险与主观危险(即契约危险)明确划分的基础上,通过对契约危险基本属性的揭示,提出防范中间型定额保险契约风险的基本思路。

Fixed-sum insurance is not subject to the principle of indemnity, nor to the rule of subroga- tion or rules applicable to double insurance and to over-insurance which are particular to property insur- ance. However, in preventing risks, current rules focus more on objective hazards of the subject matter of insurance, but have barely little attention to an insurance applicant＇s contractual hazards, i.e. subjec- tive or moral hazards which arise from conclusion of insurance contracts. This article distinguishes objec- tive hazards from subjective （contractual） hazards, presents the fundamental nature of contractual haz- ards and proposes, as is intended, foundational ideas for precaution against contractual hazards in inter- mediate fixed-sum insurance.