先秦古书年代问题初论——以《尚书》《墨子》为中心

A Probe into the Date of Ancient Books in Pre-Qin Period—— Focusing on Shangshu and Mozi

先秦古书的年代问题,一直是研究古代学术思想的基础,深受重视。不过许多过去所形成的定论,近来遭到了反对和挑战。近些年出土的简帛古书,不仅直接揭示了一些古书的形成年代,更使我们对过去的观念和方法有了反思。但是国际汉学界对有关问题的看法却并不统一,其中与中国学界差别较大的是今文《尚书》和《墨子》"十论"中一些篇章形成年代的问题。分析其具有代表性的断代方法及其结论,指出其不足,并可以利用古书形成过程中的"族本"观念来解释有关问题。

Confirming the date of ancient books in Pre-Qin period is always the foundation of studying academic and intellectual history, so the researchers often paid more attention to it. However, many of the definitive conclusions formed in the past have been confronted with objecting and challenges at present. Recent years, numerous unearthed bamboo slips and silk books not only directly revealed the date of some ancient books, but also tell us to examine our foregone ideas and methodologies. Yet the whole circle of sinology does not concur with each other on some questions. The most differential with Chinese scholars are the dates of some chapters of Jinwen Shangshu and Shilun of Mozi. This paper deeply analyses the typical ways of confirming dates as well as its conclusions, and points out the shortages. Besides, the paper uses the view of family resemblance texts to explain relevant problems.