大都市人口城市化空间格局演进及其思考

Evaluation of the Spatial Pattern of Urbanization in Metropolitan Areas

本文运用城市化空间阶段理论,采用人口普查数据,以上海为例并与伦敦比较,分析了大都市人口城市化空间格局的演进。研究揭示,1950年代以来的近60年中,上海处于人口郊区化过程当中,但1990年代之前的郊区化以行政力量为主导,之后则以市场因素为主导;1990年代以来上海的郊区化进程主要由外来人口迁入带动;相较于伦敦,结合面积的可比性等因素,上海的人口总量容纳能力并不逊色,但其中心城区人口密度太高而郊区人口密度明显偏低,郊区化进程还有待深入。建议通过规划措施和公共服务引导大都市中心城区人口向郊区疏解,以解决外来人口市民化问题推动大都市城市化的空间优化,并通过加强中央政策的统筹和引导,促使人口城市化在大、中、小城市之间均衡有序发展。

Based on the theory of spatial pattern of urbanization and taking use of the census data,this paper studies the case of Shanghai to analyze the spatial evolution of urbanization in metropolitan areas of China and compared with the Great London. It shows that Shanghai has been into the process of suburbanization since 1950 s. Although it had been mainly driven by political factors before 1990 s,market powers have become the key stimulative of the suburbanization in Shanghai since1990s; It is the provincial immigrants that mainly contributes to Shanghai＇s suburbanization; Compared with London,the population density in city centre of Shanghai is too high whereas in suburb it＇s too low,so suburbanization in Shanghai will go further. This paper suggests that city planning measures should be taken into use and public services should be provided sufficiently to guide population in city center to flow into the suburban in metropolitan areas in China,policies of facilitating the citizenization of migrant workers should be put into use to optimize the population distribution in the metropolitan areas and policy designing and guiding from central government should be strengthen to promote a rational urbanization pattern among large,medium and small sized cities in China.