论破产别除权的权利基础及其裁判规则的选择

On the Right Base of Exemption Right in Bankruptcy and the Rules of Adjudication

我国理论界与实务部门对破产别除权权利基础及其范围认识存在一定分歧。这一问题已在破产司法实践表现出来。因此,必须全面考察别除权的权利基础,对其范围作合理界定,从而为司法解释的制定及法律适用提供清晰的理论支撑。通过国外立法案例考察,可以发现,各国均将典型担保物权确认为破产别除权的权利基础,还有不少国家将破产别除权的权利基础不同程度地扩展到非典型担保物权及优先权。在我国,除典型担保物权无可争议地构成别除权的权利基础外,以特定化的金钱交付的定金、让与担保、所有权保留均应可成为破产别除权的权利基础。

There is no agreement on the basic right scope of exemption right in bankruptcy between theorists and the practice department in our country,which has already manifested in the judicial practice of bankruptcy and the relevant regulation of ＂judicial interpretation of corporate bankruptcy law（ consultative paper） ＂. Therefore,only by inspecting comprehensively the right base of exemption right,can the basic right scope of exemption right be rational defined,thus providing the definite theory support for judicial interpretation＇s formulation and the application of law. By exploring overseas legislative pattern,it can be found that various countries consider typical real rights granted by way of security as the basic right of exemption right in bankruptcy. And quite a number of countries expand the basic right of exemption right in bankruptcy to non-typical real rights granted by way of security and right of priority in varying degrees. In our country,the typical real rights granted by way of security should undoubtedly be the component part of the basic right of exemption right.Besides,the deposit paid by specializational money,transferring guarantee,ownership reservation should all be the right base of exemption right.