人力资本视角下的技能:定义、分类与测量

The Definition,Classification and Measurement of Skills:Perspective of Human Capital

传统人力资本研究将人力资本简化为其最基本的外壳——受教育年限,新人力资本研究关注人力资本的内核——技能。已有研究重视从劳动力市场的需求出发探讨技能的定义与分类,并形成了关于认知技能、非认知技能和职业技能的较为认可的测量方法。一些国际组织和发达国家在开展成年劳动力技能调查方面走在了前列。我国的劳动力技能调查虽已起步,但仍存在可以改进之处。已有研究对我国人力资本研究富有启示意义,即重视跨学科合作,对技能概念进行理论和实证研究,重视对非认知技能的形成机制及其经济社会影响的研究,开展全国性的劳动力技能调查,加强技能的数据库建设。今后我国研究者应加强对技能的应用研究。

The traditional human capital research focused on school attainment, while the new human capital res- earch focus on skills. The research emphasized the implications of labor market demand for the definition and classi- fication of skilIs, and there were already recognized methods for the measurement of cognitive skills, noncognitive skills and vocational skills. Some international organizations and developed countries conducted adult labor skills survey, China also tried but needed to put more effort. Finally, the paper pointed out the implications for Chinese human capital research, that is as the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation, using the theoretical and empirical research on the concept of skills; pay attention to the study on the formation mechanism and its social and economic effect of non-cognitive skills; labor skills survey should be carried out nationwide, strengthening the construction of database skills; graduate students in China should strengthen the application research of skills.