挑战与回应:性别正义视域下的家庭暴力与正当防卫——兼论《反家庭暴力法》的家庭法哲学

Challenge and Response:the Perspective of Gender Justice between the Domestic Violence and Self-defense

性别正义,是希冀女性与男性拥有平等的权利,并在现实的经济和社会的不平等中通过适当的制度安排,得以追求自由、平等和尊严,从而最终实现人的发展的一种正义理念或正义观。它是对男女平权原则的争取,是对性别等级制度的反叛。家庭暴力现象对正当防卫理论在防卫行为标准、防卫适时、防卫相当制度设计及其建立基础和前提等方面都提出了严峻的挑战。在性别正义视域下,正当防卫理论的制度设计应对家庭暴力给予适当回应:在正当防卫的理论设计中,应设免责条款;在具体司法实践中,应考量家庭暴力受害人心理状态、社会成因及现实处境等具体因素;应创建"关怀法学",反映女性利益诉求。在制定《反家庭暴力法》时,应考量国家管制私密领域的界限及原则。

Gender justice hopes that women and men can have equal rights through appropriate institutional arrangements in the real economic and social inequality,to pursue freedom,equality and dignity,and ultimately to achieve human development of a concept of justice or justice view.It is the principle of equal rights for men and women to rebel gender hierarchy.Domestic violence occurs in the defense of self-defense theory standards of timely defense conduct,quite defense system design,and poses a severe challenge to the foundation and prerequisite.Gender justice in view,the system design theory of self-defense should be given an appropriate response to domestic violence：the theoretical design of self-defense should set up exclusions;in particular the administration of justice should consider the psychological state reality of the situation and social causes of victims of domestic violence by creating ＂care law＂and reflecting the women interest demands.In the development of＂Domestic Violence Law＂,we should consider the limits and the principle for the state to control the private areas,which is the very important proposition for the philosophy of family law.