西辽河上游地区与中原地区史前生业方式比较研究

A Comparative Study of Prehistoric Life Ways on West Liaohe Upstream Region and Central Plain China

西辽河上游地区史前时期考古学文化序列自成体系,谱系清晰,考古学文化主要包括小河西文化、兴隆洼文化、富河文化、赵宝沟文化、红山文化和小河沿文化。从地理环境来看,西辽河上游是从半干旱区向干旱区过渡地区,也是对环境变化反应敏感的生态系统过渡带,史前时期受到地理条件、气候环境与外部文化的影响,形成了独特而具典型性的采集、渔猎、农业并存的经济形态。与西辽河上游地区相比,中原地区在新石器时代早期经济生产活动的主体仍然是采集、狩猎,农业仅是辅助性的次要的生产活动;到了新石器时代中期仰韶文化阶段,生业方式以农耕生产为主;到了新石器时代晚期龙山文化阶段,已经处于农业生产阶段,中国北方旱作农业的农作物布局在中原地区已经趋向复杂化。

The West Liaohe River upstream region is one of the areas which Chinese modern archaeology started earlier.The archaeological culture sequence of this region in prehistoric period had created a system of itself after generations＇ hard work.The spectrum of this area is very clear.The main archaeological cultures are Small Hexi Culture,Xinglongwa Culture,Fuhe Culture,Zhaobaogou Culture,Hongshan Culture and Xiaoheyan Culture.This region is from the semi-arid region to the areas of excessive area which is sensitive to environmental changes.At last,this area evolved a unique economic form which contains gathering,hunting,farming and animal husbandry in the prehistoric time.Compared with the West Liaohe Upstream Region,the body of the Early Neolithic economic production activities is still gathering and hunting.Agriculture is the auxiliary production activities in the Early Neolithic.The mode of production gives priority to agriculture at the middle of Neolithic Age（Yangshao Culture）.To the late Neolithic Age（Longshan Culture）,the central China has been in the stage of agricultural production.Rain fed agriculture in northern China shows that crop layout in the Central Plains region has tended to complicate at that time.