优秀赛艇运动员膳食营养KAP调查分析

Investigation on Nutritional KAP among Elite Rowers

目的:了解广东省优秀赛艇运动员营养知识(Knowledge)、态度(Attitude)、行为(Practice)(简称KAP)的现状及其相关影响因素,为制定科学合理的营养教育方案及实施有效的营养干预措施提供科学依据。方法:以46名优秀赛艇运动员(男子26名,女子20名)为调查对象,根据营养教育KAP模式自行设计运动员膳食营养调查问卷,对运动员进行问卷调查。结果:赛艇运动员营养知识平均分为(47.08±12.60)分(不及格),知识短板主要集中在三大营养物质和维生素来源及运动营养相关知识方面;营养态度平均分为(87.70±7.40)分(优秀),赛艇运动员整体营养态度很好,男子优于女子;营养行为平均分为(73.94±10.52)分(良好),男子优于女子,运动员主要存在多种营养素摄入不均衡,零食不当及三餐餐次不合理等问题。相关分析结果表明,营养知识与态度(K-A),营养态度与行为(A-P)之间呈明显的相关性(P<0.05),赛艇运动员KAP总分与文化程度显著正相关(P<0.05),与训练年限和运动级别无明显相关性(P>0.05),学历越高,其膳食营养知识、态度、行为整体表现越好。结论:赛艇运动员营养知识的掌握情况不容乐观,但运动员有积极良好的营养态度,需要加大运动营养宣教力度,开展有效的营养干预措施,为形成合理的营养理念提供支持。此外,结合问卷调查结果,建议食堂根据实际情况增加食物供应种类,改善休息日食物供应量;指导运动员科学加餐,正确引导运动员的零食行为。

Objective：Investigation of nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice（KAP） were car- ried out by questionnaire survey in elite rowers of Guangdong province, which provides a scien- tific basis for the researchers to develop a scientific and effective nutrition education program and interventions. Methods：46 elite rowers, including 26 males and 20 females, were involved in this study by completing a self-designed daily diet questionnaire. Results：The average score of nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice were 47.08 ± 12.60,87.70 ± 7.40 and 73.94 ±10.52 respectively. Male athletes were better than female athletes in scores of nutrition atti- tude and practice. Problems such as unbalanced nutrition intakes, improper snacks and unrea- sonable meals were widespread among the athletes. The results of correlation analysis showed that K-A and A-P have a significantly positive correlation（P〈0.05）. The total score of KAP and education result in a significantly positive correlation（P〈0.05）and an insignificantly cor- relation with the training and exercise level（P〉0. 05）. Conclusion： Nutrition knowledge is commonly low among elite rowers, while they have a positive attitude. Effective nutritional edu- cation should be carried out to improve their nutritional knowledge, as well as support should be provided for forming the concept of rational nutrition. In addition, the canteen should adjust food according to the characteristics of sports, increase the kinds of foods during non-training days. The coaches and researchers should give correct advice and guidance on snacks.