有氧运动对青少年自主神经功能的急性影响

Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Autonomic Nervous Function in Adolescents

目的:研究中等强度有氧运动对青少年自主神经平衡功能的急性影响。方法:以60名(男30岁,女30岁)健康青少年(男22±2岁,女23±2岁)为研究对象。该研究共进行2次测试:第1次测试,运用Bruce跑台(FreeMotion;Fitness Blowout,USA)模式测量受试者最大心率(HRmax)和峰值摄氧量(VO2peak);第1次测试结束后48h^2 wk,进行第2次测试。第2次测试主要测量受试者基础状态的身体生理指标,以及运动前、运动后30 min和60min仰卧状态的心率(HR)、心率变异性(HRV)、动脉压力感受器敏感性(BRS)、呼吸频率(BF)等系列指标。急性有氧运动的目标心率=(最大心率-安静心率)70%+安静心率。结果:2×3(2个性别×3个时间点)ANOVA重复测量方差分析发现:两个性别在运动前、运动后30min和60min的LnHF、LnLF/HF、LnRMSSD、HR、LnRRI和BRSup-up存在性别和时间交互影响的显著性差异(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析(CI=95%)发现:LnHF与LnLF/HF呈显著负相关(r=-0.674,P=0.000),LnHF与LnRMSSD呈显著正相关(r=0.949,P=0.000),LnHF与BRSup-up呈显著正相关(r=0.633,P=0.000),VO2peak与HR呈显著负相关(r=-0.416,P=0.000)。结论:1)中等强度有氧运动后青少年ANS平衡功能的恢复水平存在性别间的差异,表现为男性的恢复延迟于女性;2)引起ANS平衡功能恢复水平性别间差异的主要原因是由于男性PSNS活性的恢复延迟于女性,该差异可能是由性激素水平的差异引起;3)运动后HR恢复(HRR)的水平与ANS平衡功能恢复水平不同步,有氧运动能力的差异可能影响了运动后HRR。

Objectives：The present study investigated autonomic recovery following an acute bout of moderate intensity aerobic exercise in adolescent individuals. Methods： Sixty health partici- pants （half was male, age ： male, 22 ± 2 yrs, female, 23 ± 2 yrs） underwent measurements of HRmax and VO2 peak by Bruce model （FreeMotion; Fitness Blowout, USA） in the first test, and then underwent measurements of participants＇ characteristics at baseline and heart rate （ HR）, heart rate variability （ HRV）, baroreflex sensitivity （ BRS）, and spontaneous breathing frequency （BF） at pre,30 minutes and 60 minutes post exercise in 48 hours to 2 weeks after the first test. Target HR of acute aerobic exercise = （HRmax-HRrest） 70 % ＋ HRrest）. Re- sults ： The changes of LnHF, LnLF/HF, LnRMSSD, HR, LnRRI, and BRSup-up were signifi- cant difference （P〈0.05） analyzed by 23 （2 genders3 time points） repeated measures ANO- VA; There were significant positive correlations between LnHF and LnRMSSD（r= 0. 949, P = 0. 000）, LnHF and BRSup- up （ r = 0. 633, P = 0.000 ） and there were significant negative correlations between nHF and LnLF/HF （ r = - 0.674, P = 0.000）, VO2 peak and HR （ r = - 0. 416 ,P=0. 000）. Conclusion： 1） The acute change of autonomic recovery was different be- tween men and women following an acute bout of moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Male ad- olescent exhibited delayed autonomic recovery following exercise when compared to female. 2 ） This delay in autonomic recovery is believed to result from a slower recovery of PSNS, estro- gen may contribute to the difference. 3） HR recovery （HRR） and autonomic balance function recovery are not synchronized following exercise, the differences of aerobic exercise capacity may affect the HRR.