葡萄膜炎继发黄斑水肿及其药物治疗

Uveitic macular edema and the pharmacotherapy

葡萄膜炎继发黄斑水肿（UME）是慢性葡萄膜炎最常见、最严重的并发症之一,常引起严重视力损害,早期治疗可有效改善预后.糖皮质激素是治疗UME的首选药物,长效缓释植入物是糖皮质激素的最新用药方式;治疗慢性顽固性UME,可加用环孢素、甲氨蝶呤、硫唑嘌呤、麦考酚酸酯等免疫抑制剂;近些年出现的生物制剂：抗VEGF、干扰素α、抗TNF以及碳酸酐酶抑制剂等为UME的治疗提供了新的药物选择.

Macular edema represents a major cause of visual loss in uveitis and its adequate management is crucial for the maintenance of useful vision in patients with uveitis.Corticosteroid is the first choice for UME treatment.Long term and sustained release implantation is the newest administration for medical therapy.The immunosuppressant such as cyclosporine,methotrexate,azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil can be used specially for chronic and intractable UME.Moreover,these years,some newly developed biological agents,for example,anti-VEGF,interferon-α,anti-TNF and acetazolamide will provide new options for UME pharmacotherapy.