全球海洋预报与科学大数据

Global ocean forecasting and scientific big data

全球海洋预报是当前国内外海洋预报领域的前沿方向之一,与实施海洋强国战略、维护国家海洋权益,以及开发深远海资源等各类海洋活动日益走向深海大洋的迫切需求有着密切的关系.全球海洋预报的突出特点是使用并生成海量的数据,充分体现了大数据的基本特征.本文从论述大数据的起源、概念和本质开始,介绍了全球海洋预报的基本理论,进一步结合数据同化、模式数据和产品分发等3个方面具体阐述了全球海洋预报中使用的观测数据和生成的模式数据等大数据.最后展望了全球海洋预报以及海洋大数据未来发展中面临的挑战和亟需解决的关键科学问题.

Global ocean forecasting is one of the future priorities of marine forecasting. This is closely related to the implementation of marine strategy, maintenance of maritime rights, and development of deep sea resources, which are in increasing demand for marine activities across the global ocean. The prominent characteristic of global ocean forecasting is the generation and use of vast amounts of data, which fully reflects the basic characteristics of big data. In this paper, starting from the origin, concept and nature of big data, we define the basic theory of global ocean forecasting. We illustrate big data from observation and models in global ocean forecasting from three aspects, data assimilation, model data, and product distribution. Finally, we discuss key scientific issues in global ocean forecasting and scientific big data in the context of future challenges.