论临摹作品的规制模式及立法设计

Study on Regulatory Mode and Legislative Design of Facsimile Works

临摹不是复制;临摹作品具有独创性。但英美和德法等国家对临摹成果采用演绎作品的规制模式具有与生俱来的缺陷,用以激励创新为宗旨的演绎模式来规制以尊崇复古为圭臬的临摹作品不合理。基于临摹的社会公共利益考量,可以将临摹设定为著作权法的一种例外。一定条件限定下的临摹能够通过《伯尔尼公约》的三步测试法。对临摹作品的适度侵权豁免,不仅可以发挥临摹的积极社会功能,而且也符合现代著作权法寻求在创作者与作品利用者之间达成利益平衡的基本原理。因此,我国著作权法第三次修订可以将临摹设定为一种例外,但应对临摹作品的利用进行一定限制。

＂Facsimile＂ is more than copy, but it contains creativity. However, in the UK, the US, Germany, France and other countries, there are inherent defects in the regulator models that regulates imitating work （the work produced by ＂Facsimile＂） as derivative work, for derivative work protection model, aiming at stimulating innovation, is unfit for regulating imitating work, of which respecting the vintage is the core norm. In respect of the public interest of ＂Facsimile＂, we may treat it as an exception of copy. ＂Facsimile＂ could be justified by the three-step test set forth in Berne Convention under certain conditions and limitations. Not only can appropriate infringement exemption play the positive social function of ＂Facsimile＂, it is also in accordance with the basic principles of modem copyright law, which seeks balance of interests between original creators and work users. Therefore, it is suggested that the third amendment of Chinese Copy Right Law should set ＂Facsimile＂ as an exception, with restrictions to the use of imitating work.