摘要
作为民国时期存续时间较长的中央政权,南京国民政府在成立初期,受李斯特经济学说的影响,推行了保护主义的经济政策,力图实现关税自主,并积极扶植幼稚工业。抗战爆发后,战争形成了天然的保护,使国统区的战略产业能有较大发展,而国民政府也采取了一定的扶助措施。战后,出于对美国的依赖,国民政府被迫转向自由贸易政策,与美国签订了全面开放的商约,使中国成为战后最早践行自由贸易的国家之一,但由此带来产业的大溃败,并加速了政权的垮台。这一历史教训深刻地说明保护主义对于后发展国家的必要性,以及主导经济学说的选择对于国家命运有深远的影响。
The Nanjing National Government,influenced by List＇s economy theory in its early stage, implemented protectionist economic policies. During the Anti-Japanese War, the natural protection of war allowed the rapid development of strategic industry in Kuomintang-ruled area and the government had taken some measures to support it. After the war, the National Govern- ment was forced to turn to the policy of free trade under the pressure of USA. This made China become one of the earliest free trade country but it resulted in the industry slump and damaged the regime. So history shows that the protectionism is necessary for developing countries and the choice of leading economic theory has a Drofound impact on the fate of the country.
出处
《教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第3期26-34,共9页
Teaching and Research
