美国崛起过程中经济外交及其启示

The Economic Diplomacy and Its Enlightenment During the Rise of the United States

经济权力的战略运用是大国崛起过程中必不可少的手段。随着19世纪90年代的经济崛起,美国逐渐以贸易、金融等经济工具或手段扩大在拉美地区、太平洋地区、乃至欧洲的影响,与欧洲大国进行经济与战略竞争。崛起过程中美国经济外交表明,贸易外交主要体现为双边互惠贸易协定、关税减让、最惠国待遇以及多边关税联盟倡议;金融外交主要体现为金本位的扩展及其美元的国际化、美元贷款及其金融咨询、多边货币联盟倡议。由此,中国应该注重与时俱进地提出多边贸易与金融安排的倡议,推进贸易、投资与金融外交,提升贸易者、银行家及其外交官的教育、培训与训练,在亚洲地区及其他地区战略性地运用经济权力。

With the economic rise in 1890s, the United States gradually expanded its influence in Lat- in America, the Pacific and even in Europe with trade, financial and other economic tools or means. The historical experience of the rise of United States shows that trade diplomacy is mainly manifested in bilat- eral trade agreements, most favored nation treatment and initiative for multilateral tariff alliance, while financial diplomacy is mainly manifested in the internationalization of the US dollar. China should pay more attention to initiating the multilateral trade and financial arrangements, promoting trade, invest- ment and financial diplomacy, strengthening the education and training of traders, banker and diplomats, and using economic power strategically in Asia and other regions.