新中国成立初期(1949—1956)的社会建设与社会认同——以北京市为中心的探讨

The Social Construction and Social Identity at the Beginning of New China(1949—1956)——A Discussion with Beijing Municipality as the Center

新中国成立初期,社会建设并没有被党和国家明确提上日程,官方文件中也没出现"社会建设"的提法,但这并不意味着没有社会建设实践,其中失业无业救治的开展足以表征这一时期社会建设的特征。作为首善之区的北京,在救治失业无业的过程中,通盘考量,尤其注重底层关怀,多措并举,取得良好的社会成效,其策略布局与实践探索贯穿着除旧立新的社会建设理念。社会建设的重要任务正是通过各种社会制度的设计与运行,通过建构稳定的社会秩序,依靠提升基层社会与普通民众的生活水平,从而开辟出有效社会认同的重要路径。新中国成立初期社会认同的成功建构,可为当前的社会建设实践提供有益启示。

At the beginning period the New China, there was no＂social construction＂ in official docu- ments but this does not mean that there was no practice of social construction. The help to the unem- ployed carried out by the government demonstrated the characteristics of social construction in this peri- od. Beijing municipality, in its process of treatment of the the unemployed, paid attention to the care of the people in grassroots and achieved good social effects. The important task of social construction is to open a major path of social identity through the design and operation of a variety of social system, the construction of a stable social order and relying on the promotion of the living standard of the ordinary people. The successful construction of social identity in the early period of New China has provided posi- tive enlightenment to the current practice of social construction.