113例药疹住院患者回顾性分析

Retrospective analysis of 113 inpatients with drug eruption

对我院皮肤科113例药疹住院患者资料进行回顾性分析,其中92例(81.4%)可明确为一种药物致敏,抗生素类药物35例(31.0%),解热镇痛类18例(16.1%),中成药17例(15.0%),抗癫痫类15例(13.1%)。轻中症药疹70例,主要表现为荨麻疹型25例、发疹型23例、多形红斑型药疹18例,给予抗组胺药、酌情应用糖皮质激素治疗均痊愈。重症药疹43例,包括红皮病型药疹11例、重症多形红斑型药疹21例、中毒性表皮松解型药疹11例,均给予大剂量糖皮质激素,部分联合静脉注射用免疫球蛋白治疗、环孢素A治疗、血浆置换治疗及血液透析治疗,38例治愈,5例死亡。

The clinical data of 113 patients with drug eruption were analyzed retrospectively. Of ninety-two patients were confirmed to be caused by one drug, 35 patients were caused by antibiotics, 18 patients by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDS）, 17 patients by traditional Chinese medicine and 15 patients by ntiepileptic drugs. Out of the 70 patients with mild-to-moderate drug eruption, the main types were urticaria （25 patients）, exanthematous type （23 patients） and erythema muhiforme type （18 patients）. All of the patients were treated with antihistamine drug and appropriate application of glucocorticoids with good result. There were 43 patients with severe drug eruption, including erythrodermic type （ 11 patients）, severe erythema multiforme type （21 patients） and toxic epidermal necrolysis （11 patients）. These patients were treated with high-dose glucocorticoids, immunoglobulins, cyclosporine A, plasma exchange and hemodialysis. Thirty-eight patients recovered and 5 patients died.