山东省亚洲玉米螟越冬特性及越冬代成虫发生期预测

Overwintering characteristics of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and prediction of the period of occurrence of overwintering generation adults

【目的】亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)是我国玉米生产上的重要害虫。亚洲玉米螟越冬特性及预测预报的研究,对于提高防治效果具有重要意义。【方法】本文通过对山东省东昌府、曲阜、商河、滨城区、即墨和栖霞地区玉米秸秆和穗轴进行剖查,统计越冬幼虫虫量和位置分布。并将幼虫带回济南放于室外待其化蛹,统计化蛹时间及存活率。【结果】山东省6个地区2007年春季玉米秸秆和穗轴中亚洲玉米螟平均越冬虫量分别为41.80头/百秆和19.91头/百穗,其中在玉米秸秆中越冬虫量占总量的67.30%。越冬幼虫在玉米秸秆上、中和下部比例分别为21.18%、38.80%和40.02%。越冬代亚洲玉米螟化蛹始盛期、高峰期、盛末期分别为5月27日、6月5日和6月21日,预测越冬代羽化始盛期、高峰期和盛末期分别为6月8日、6月17日和7月1日。【结论】应重视对亚洲玉米螟越冬虫源的控制,及时处理玉米秸秆和穗轴,第一代幼虫应该在6月中下旬防治,第二代应该在7月中旬防治。

[Objectives] The Asian corn borer Ostriniafurnacalis （Guen6e）（Lepidoptera： Crambidae） is an important insect pest of corn in China. Studies of its overwintering characteristics and prediction of the occurrence period of overwintering generation adults are important for improving the control efficiency of this pest. [Methods] The number of overwintering Asian corn borer larvae and the distribution in corn plants were investigated by splitting the stalks and cobs of corn in spring 2007 in Dongchangfu, Qufu, Shanghe, Binchengqu, Jimo and Qixia, Shandong province. Overwintering larvae were placed outdoors to observe pupation. Dates of pupation and survival rates were recorded. [Results] The average number of overwintering larvae in corn stalks and cobs was 41.80 and 19.91 per hundred stalks or cobs, respectively, with larvae in stalks accounting for 67.30% of the total. The ratios of overwintering larvae on the upper, middle and lower parts of corn stalks were 21.18%, 38.80% and 40.02%, respectively. The initial peak, peak, and end peak stage of overwintering generation pupationoccurred on May 27, June 5 and June 21, and the initial peak, peak, and end peak stage of overwintering generation eclosion occurred on June 8, June 17 and July 1, respectively. [Conclusion] Because larvae of O. furnacalis mainly overwinter in stalks and cobs, it is important to destroy these as soon as practicable after the harvest. Observations of overwintering generation pupation indicate that the best time to control first generation larvae is from mid to late June and the best time to control second generation larvae is mid-July.