干扰树间伐对杉木人工林林分生长和林分结构的影响

Effects of crop tree release on stand growth and stand structure of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation

在浙江临安选择26年生杉木人工林进行干扰树间伐,以不间伐为对照,间伐3 a后,研究干扰树间伐对林分生长和林分结构的影响.结果表明:间伐3 a后,间伐林分单木平均胸径和单株平均材积生长量均显著高于对照,分别是对照林分的1.30和1.25倍;目标树的胸径和单株材积生长量均显著高于间伐林分一般树以及对照林分目标树和一般树,表明不同保留木对间伐的响应不一致.间伐后目标树的平均最近距离显著增加,生长空间较一般树明显扩大,目标树竞争压力释放显著,仅为间伐前的68.2%.间伐林分的林木株数仅为对照林分的81.5%,但蓄积生长量两者无显著差异.间伐3 a后,间伐林分14 cm径阶及以上林木株数提高了18.0%,显著高于对照林分的12.0%,表明干扰树间伐有利于较大径阶林木的生产.林木总体分布格局趋向于随机分布,符合林木分布格局随生长变化的一般性规律.干扰树间伐促进了杉木人工林的林分生长,优化了林分结构,有利于目标树的持续快速生长和较大径级林木的生产.

Crop trees were selected in a 26-year-old even-aged Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in Lin＇ an, and compared in plots that were released and unreleased to examine growth and struc- ture responses for 3 years after thinning. Crop tree release significantly increased the mean incre- ments of diameter and volume of individual tree by 1.30 and 1.25 times relative to trees in control stands, respectively. The increments of diameter and volume of crop trees were significantly higher than those of general trees in thinning plots, crop trees and general trees in control plots, which suggested that the responses from different tree types to crop tree release treatment were different. Crop tree release increased the average distances of crop trees to the nearest neighboring trees, re- ducing competition among crop trees by about 68.2%. 3-year stand volume increment for thinning stands had no significant difference with that of control stands although the number of trees was only 81.5% of the control. Crop trees in thinned plots with diameters over than 14 cm reached 18.0% over 3 years, compared with 12.0% for trees without thinning, suggesting that crop tree release ben- efited the larger individual trees. The pattern of tree locations in thinning plots tended to be random, complying with the rule that tree distribution pattern changes with growth. Crop tree release in C. lanceolata plantation not only promoted the stand growth, but also optimized the stand structure, benefiting crop trees sustained rapid growth and larger diameter trees production.