不同种植方式对绿洲农田土壤酶活性与微生物多样性的影响

Effects of different cropping patterns on soil enzyme activities and soil microbial community diversity in oasis farmland

研究了玉米连作10年、小麦连作8年-棉花连作10年、棉花连作15年和棉花6年-6年小麦/油葵轮作4种种植方式对土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、芳基硫酸酯酶、脱氢酶和蛋白酶活性的影响,并分析了土壤细菌、真菌、氨氧化古菌与氨氧化细菌对北疆绿洲农田不同种植方式的响应.结果表明:不同种植方式对土壤过氧化氢酶、芳基硫酸酯酶、脱氢酶和蛋白酶活性影响明显,但对蔗糖酶无显著影响;对氨氧化古菌多样性指数有显著影响,对土壤细菌、真菌和氨氧化细菌多样性指数无明显影响.土壤真菌和氨氧化细菌群落结构对不同种植方式的响应较细菌和氨氧化古菌敏感.长期棉花连作使绿洲农田土壤酶活性下降,微生物群落多样性降低,而轮作可提高土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构多样性.

Effects of long-term cropping patterns on the activities of peroxidase, invertase, arylsul- fatase, dehydrogenase and protease were investigated in this paper. Four long-term cropping patterns included （1） 10 years continuous cropping of corn, （2） 8 years continuous cropping of wheat fol- lowed by 10 years continuous cropping of cotton, （3） 15 years continuous cropping of cotton, and （4） 6 years continuous cropping of cotton followed by 6 years of wheat/sunflower rotation. The re- sponses of soil bacteria, fungi, ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） , and the ammonia oxidizing ar- chaea （AOA） to different copping patterns were analyzed. The results showed that cropping patterns significantly affected the activities of soil peroxidase, arylsulfatase, dehydrogenase and protease, while had no significant effect on soil invertase activity. The cropping patterns significantly influ- enced the diversity index of AOA, but had no significant influence on that of soil bacteria, fungi and AOB. The community structures of soil fungi and AOB were more sensitive to cropping patterns than soil bacteria and AOA. In conclusion, long-term continuous cropping of cotton decreased the activities of soil enzymes activities and soil microbial diversity in oasis farmland, while crop rotation could alleviate the negative influence.