上海奉贤区农田鼠类种群数量变动以及气候和耕作因素的影响

Population change of farmland rodent and the influences of climate and cultivation factors in Fengxian District of Shanghai,China

分析了上海奉贤区1988—2013年鼠类种群数量变动及年际变化,探讨了鼠类种群动态与气候、生态因子的相关性.结果表明:1988—2013年平均鼠密度为1.3%,优势种是黑线姬鼠,年代间变动不大,平均构成比为97.5%.鼠密度高峰期出现在2—5月,3月最高,年平均鼠密度及峰值随年代呈明显的下降趋势;鼠类成1体与年序呈显著正相关,成2体和老年体与年序呈显著负相关,鼠龄随年代发展有缩短的变化趋势;气温因子除1月平均气温与鼠密度呈弱的正相关外,大多为负相关,2月出现极端暖事件对鼠密度有滞后正效应;降水因子与鼠密度相关性不显著;相对湿度因子与鼠密度大多呈正相关;以粮食播种面积减少为主的种植结构调整与鼠密度及其逐年下降变化存在显著相关性;灭鼠率不断提高与鼠密度的下降也存在相关性.

We analyzed the changes of rodent population from 1988 to 2013 in Fengxian District, Shanghai, and discussed the relevance of rodent population dynamics and climate, and ecological factors. Results showed that the average rat density was 1.3% from 1988 to 2013, and the dominant species was Apodemus agrarius. There was little change of density between years. The average com- position ratio was 97.5%. The peak of rodent density appeared from February to May, highest in March. Average density and peak decreased obviously year after year. Numbers of adult rodents of 1st group were positively correlated, while that of adult rodents of 2nd group and elderly group negatively correlated with years. Rat age presented a shortened trend annually. Rodent density and temperature factors were negatively correlated except in January. Extreme warmth in February had a lagged, positive effect on the rat density. Precipitation factors had no significant correlation with the density of rodents. Relative humidity was positively correlated with the density, mostly. Planting structure adjustment and reduction of planting acreage were significantly correlated with the reduc- tion of rodent density. Increased deratization rate was also correlated with the reduction.