森林生态连清技术体系构建与应用

Construction and utilization of continuous inventory system for forest ecology

把森林生态状况作为生态文明建设的成果进行评价,需要一整套连续观测与清查技术体系。森林生态系统服务全指标体系连续观测与清查技术(简称森林生态连清技术)包括野外观测连清体系和分布式测算评估2个分体系,在野外观测连清体系中,规定了观测体系布局原则,形成了全球范围内国家尺度台站规模最大的森林生态站网,并对此进行了设施及仪器设备的统一建设,将野外观测指标体系全部形成可测度、可计量、可描述的国家林业行业标准,同时用行业标准规范了数据的采集与传输。在分布式测算评估体系构建中,创建了分布式测算方法,研建了测算评估指标体系,将国家森林资源数据和相关统计数据进行集成与耦合,提出了森林生态功能修正系数,集成了一整套评估公式与模型包,构建了森林生态连清技术体系。该技术体系可以与全国森林资源连清体系相耦合,成为我国森林生态系统服务、退耕还林生态效益、绿色国民经济核算等森林生态状况观测与清查的关键技术。

Evaluating the ecological status of forests and understanding the accomplishment so far of establishing our study of the ecology on a firm footing at the national level, demands a complete system for continuous observations and inventory records. The technology of continuous observations and an inventory of a complete index system of forest ecosystem services （referred to as TCOICISFES） includes two subsystems： continuous investigation of field observations （CIFO） and distributed measurement evaluation （DME）. In CIFO, the principles of the layout of the system of observations have been established. China has constructed the largest nationwide network of forest ecological stations in the world and systematically assembled facilities and equipment. Hence, the CIFO indices can be described and are measurable at national forestry standards. Simultaneously, these standards were utilized to conform to data acquisition and transmission in the CIFO system. In the process of building the DME system, a distributed measurement method was created, an index system of evaluation was examined and established and data of national forest resources and related statistics were integrated and coupled. As well, we propose a system of correction coefficients for forest ecological functions and integrated with a series of evaluation formulas and a package of models. The TCOICISFES can be used along with the national forest resource inventory to function as one of the key technologies for observing and evaluating forest ecological conditions. This includes an inventory of national forest ecosystem services, estimates of ecological benefits derived from returning farmland to forests and a green national economic accounting system.