构建中国人体器官捐献社会宣教系统的策略

Construction strategy of human organ donation social mission system in China

背景:分析中国目前人体器官移植所面临的困境及导致器官移植供体短缺的社会影响因素,发现民众对器官移植及捐献流程相关知识普遍缺乏。目的:从器官捐献宣教系统构建的重大意义、现状总结、应遵循的伦理原则以及建议对策等4个方面进行了尝试性探索,为科学地进行器官捐献的宣传教育提供建议与参考。方法:在CNKI和Pub Med通过关键词"器官捐献、器官移植、伦理学原则、宣传教育"查阅相关文献,对来源于核心期刊的文章进行综合分析。以"器官捐献,器官移植,伦理原则,供体短缺,遗体捐献,宣传教育"为中文捡索词,以"organ donation,organ transplantation,shortage of donor,body donation,education system"为英文检索词,检索维普和中国知网(CNKI)期刊全文数据库万方、Pubmed,Medline,2005年1月至2014年11月有关器官捐献报告中主要涉及器官捐献宣传教育及协调员的相关报道。通过对文献归纳,总结分析目前中国器官捐献宣教的现况,提出构建器官捐献宣教系统的对策。结果与结论:详细阐述了器官捐献宣教系统的必要性,系统分析了国内目前器官捐献宣传教育存在的问题及应该遵循的伦理原则,探索了国内器官捐献宣教系统建设应采取的路径和方法。缓解器官移植供体紧张,扩大供体来源,必须要赢得公民的广泛支持与理解,才能保证器官捐献工作的可持续发展。因此构建人体器官捐献社会宣教体系具有重要意义。

BACKGROUND：By analyzing the current difficulties faced by human organ transplantation and social factors which lead to organ transplant donor shortage in China, people are found to be generaly lack of knowledge about organ transplant and donation process. OBJECTIVE： To make a tentative probe into the construction of organ donation social mission system on four aspects, namely the importance, ethical principles, current situation and countermeasures, and to provide scientific advice and information for organ donation publicity and education. METHODS： Articles about organ donation and organ transplantation were retrieved from CQVIP, CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Medline System from January 2005 to November 2014 with the key words of “organ donation, organ transplantation, shortage of donor, body donation, education system” in both Chinese and English. After secondary manual retrieval of organ donation coordinator, literature were included if they involved organ donation coordinator and organ donation and transplantation related policies and regulations. This paper put forward countermeasures for the construction of human organ donation social mission system in China based on the literature induction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：This paper describes the necessity of organ donation education system, systematicaly analyzes the existing problems for current organ donation education problems and ethical principles that should be folowed, and explore the construction strategy of human organ donation social mission system in China. The way to relieve tension of organ transplant donor and expand donor sources is to win broad support and understanding of citizens, which can ensure the sustainable development of organ donation work. So, it is very important to build the human organ donation social mission system.