基于遥感技术的近30年中亚地区主要湖泊变化

Changes of major lakes in Central Asia over the past 30 years revealed by remote sensing technology

在全球气候变暖的背景下,研究中亚干旱半干旱地区主要湖泊的变化不仅对内陆水资源管理和可持续发展有着重要意义,也为进一步研究湖泊变化对气候变化和人类活动的响应提供基础。获取1978年MSS、1989年TM、1998年TM及2010年ETM的同季相4期遥感图像数据,通过人工解译提取中亚地区7个湖泊信息,获得近30 a的湖泊面积变化;利用T/P和Envisat雷达高度计提取1992—2012年的湖泊水位信息;基于湖泊面积和水位的时空变化特征分析了湖泊变化的影响因素。结果表明:近30 a来,由于湖泊类型的不同,除萨雷卡梅什湖外的其他6个湖泊均出现不同程度的面积缩减;其中,平原尾闾湖面积变化最显著,高山封闭湖相对平稳,吞吐湖泊的面积变化相对复杂;湖泊的水位变化模式因流域和湖泊类型而异;高山封闭湖泊受气候的影响较大,而吞吐湖泊受人为因素影响显著。

In the context of global warming, the detection of the changes of the major lakes in Central Asia not only has great significance for the water management and its sustainable development, but also provides the basis for the further research on the response of inland lake changes to climate change and human activities. The authors first used Landsat images to acquire information of the lake area changes in the past 30 years, then employed Radar altimeter data to extract water levels of the lakes during 1992 to 2012 , and finally analyzed factors responsible for lake changes. The results indicated that the area of lakes had decreased during 1978 to 2010 except for the Sarygamysh Lake, and the change extents of different types of lakes were different. The lake level changes had different patterns due to the difference in basins and lake types. Alpine lakes were influenced by climate, whereas the open lakes were affected by human activities significantly.