对20世纪60年代试办工业托拉斯的历史回顾——以上海地区为例

The Historical Review of Running Trust as an Experiment in 1960s——A Case Study of Shanghai

20世纪60年代我国在工业和交通领域试办托拉斯制,这是我国工业管理体制改革的一次短暂尝试,也是建国后第一次采用现代企业制度发展工业。尽管试行时间不足五年,但也取得了一定的成绩。期间,上海作为全国重要的工业基地,自1965年起先后组建了烟草、医药、橡胶和纺织机械等4家全国性的托拉斯公司以及轻工业机械、标准紧固件和丝绸等3家地方性的工业托拉斯。受"文革"影响,从1966年底到1967年,上海试办工作托拉斯的工作逐渐停止。通过对相关档案资料的梳理分析可见,在试办工业托拉斯的两年时间内,这七家上海工业托拉斯对原有工业管理体制进行了多方面的改革,托拉斯制取得较为显著的经济效果。同时,也确实存在许多比较严重的问题。但不能因为问题和不足,就忽略上海工业试行托拉斯制所取得的成绩。

In 1960s, running Trust as an experiment in industry and transportation was a short trial to reform industry management system, and was also the first time for our country to adopt modern enterprise management system to develop economy after liberation. Although this experiment had lasted less than five years, it still made important industrial some achievements by overcoming many difficulties. Since 1965, Shanghai, as the most city, had organized four branches of national Trusts, regarding to tobacco ber, textile machinery industries, and three local Trusts of light industry machinery, standard , pharmacy, rubfasteners and silk industries. But for the effect of Culture Revolution, during the end of 1966 to 1967, this pilot scheme of Trust had gradually ceased in Shanghai. Today, by organizing and analyzing related archives of Shanghai, it can be seen that Trusts in Shanghai did exhibit remarkable economic performance within the two years＇ experiment, and did cause some crucial problems at the same time. When it comes to review this historical process, what Shanghai industry had achieved in Trust experiment shouldn＇ t be ignored because of the existence of some determining issues.