天津市糖尿病人群夏季膳食营养状况及类黄酮摄入量调查与评价

Evaluation of Dietary Status and Estimation of Flavonoids Intake of Diabetic Patients in Tianjin City

目的:评价天津市糖尿病人群膳食营养状况及类黄酮物质的摄入量,为其健康饮食提供指导。方法:采用连续5d的24h膳食回顾法,对糖尿病病人进行膳食营养调查,结合中国居民膳食营养素的推荐摄入量(recommended nutrition intake,RNI)、适宜摄入量(adaptive intake,AI)以及中国居民平衡膳食宝塔(Balance Diet Pagoda)对其膳食营养状况做出评价;根据膳食调查的结果,计算类黄酮物质的摄入量。结果:本次调查显示,糖尿病病人能量摄入量均偏低,脂肪的供能比例偏高。男性仅维生素C和烟酸的摄入量达标,女性维生素的摄入量均不达标。糖尿病病人存在钙摄入严重不足而钠摄入量严重超标的现象,且与男性相比,女性矿物质的摄入量要普遍偏低。除了钙以外,男性其余种类矿物质摄入量均达标;女性除了磷、钠、铁、锰的摄入量达标以外,其余种类均不达标。糖尿病病人类黄酮的主要食物来源为玉米、土豆、西瓜以及甜瓜等,男性每日类黄酮的摄入量为38.23mg、女性为38.27mg。糖尿病病人摄入的膳食种类主要包括粮谷类、蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉类、蛋类、豆制品、牛奶及奶制品、食用油以及食盐。其中水果类、鱼虾以及奶制品的摄入量偏低,蛋类以及食盐摄入过多;男性的畜禽肉摄入过多。结论:糖尿病病人能量摄入偏低,脂肪供能比偏高,维生素和钙摄入不足,而钠摄入偏高;类黄酮的主要食物来源为谷物、季节性水果蔬菜等;膳食结构存在不合理现象,水果、鱼虾、奶制品的摄入量过低,而畜禽肉、蛋类以及食盐的摄入量过多。

[Objective] To evaluate the nutrition status and flavonoids intake of diabetic patients in Tianjin city. [Method] The nutrition status of the diabetic patients was investigated by 24h dietary recall in 5 consecutive days and estimated by the dietary nutrients recommended nutrition intake （RN1）, adaptive intake （AI）, and Balance Diet Pagoda of Chinese residents. According to the results of dietary survey, flavonoids intake was caculated. [Result] In diabetic patients, energy intake was lower, while the fat supplied more energy than the RNIs. Vitamin C and niacin intake was higher than the standards in male, while no vitamins intake got the AI in female. Calcium intake was seri- ously insufficient, while sodium was overdose in diabetic patients. Minerals intake was higher than the AIs except calcium in male, while lower than the standards except phosphorus, sodium, iron and manganese in female. The main food flavonoids resources were corn, pota- toes, watermelons and melons in diabetic patients, and the daily intake of flavonoids were 38. 23 mg and 38.27mg in males and females, respectively. The dietary survey showed that they mainly ate cereal grains, vegetables, fruits, poultry meat, eggs, soy products, milk and dairy products, edible oil and salt. Fruits, fish and shrimp, and milk and dairy products were lower, while poultry meat intake in male and eggs and sodium in male and female were higher than the recommonded content of balance diet pagoda. [Conclusion] In diabetic pa- tients, energy intake was lower and the fat provided more energy than the RNIs. Vitamins and calcium intake were insufficient, while sodi- um was higher than the Als. The main resources of flavonoids were corn and seasonal fruits and vegetables. The content of fruit, fish, and the dairy products intake were too low, while poultry meat, eggs and salt were too high.