协商民主下公共精神的培养难题及解决之道

The Main Problems and the Countermeasures of Cultivating Public Spirit under the Deliberative Democracy

20世纪后期兴起的协商民主理论呈现的是一种基于公民实践推理的政治自治的理想。但是,在一个复杂多元社会中,民主协商中仍存在着公共利益的偏失、社会信任度低、公共理性不足以及政治能力的贫困等问题阻碍着民众公共精神的培养。为此,应进一步探讨协商民主下培育公民精神的新路径,培养公民学会正确处理普遍的道德冲突,构建一个公开辩论的"公共领域",在民主协商下提升公共理性与合法性,在协商中建构民众的积极参与,增强其社会责任心。

Deliberative democracy theories in the late 20th century is a kind of ideal of political autonomy based on citizens＇ practice. However, because of the complicated pluralistic society, a lot of questions exist in the deliberative democracy, such as the deficiency of public interest, low social trust, the lack of public rationality and political ability. They will hinder the people to cultivate the public spirit. Therefore new ways should be found to cultivate the public spirit under the deliberative democracy include cultivating citizens to handle universal moral conflict correctly; building a public sphere to debate; promoting the public rationality and legitimacy; encouraging people to participate in negotiation actively to enhance the social sense of responsibility.